The physics of many-body systems strongly depends on their dimensionality. With the realization of quantum wells for example, it has been possible to produce two-dimensional gases of electrons, which exhibit properties that differ dramatically from the standard three-dimensional case. More recently, a novel environment has been developed for the study of quantum physics in low dimension. It consists of cold atomic gases confined in tailor-made light traps, forming a thin layer of material particles. In this talk I will present some recent investigations of the physics of 2D Bose gases, in relation with their scale and conformal invariance. In particular I will show an unexpected result : there exist "breathers", i.e. specific initial shapes that lead to a periodic evolution of the fluid, in spite of the multi-modal and non-linear character of its equations of motion.
Conférence donnée par le physicien Jean Dalibard, médaille d’or du CNRS 2021, lors du colloquium 2021/2022 du département de physique de l'ENS.
Thèmes : Physique
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Jean Dalibard
Cursus :
Membre de l'Académie des Sciences, Jean Dalibard est directeur de recherche au CNRS, professeur à l'École polytechnique.Il effectue des recherches sur les atomes froids au sein d’une équipe du Laboratoire Kastler Brossel - Département de physique de l’ENS.
Les travaux de Jean Dalibard ont été consacrés à la physique atomique et à l'optique quantique ; ils ont essentiellement porté sur la manipulation d'atomes par des champs électromagnétiques : l'utilisation des échanges d'énergie et d'impulsion entre la matière et le rayonnement permet d'obtenir des gaz extrêmement froids, dont les applications vont de la métrologie à l'étude des phénomènes quantiques collectifs.
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