Background & Context

• • MIME type: text/mathml, application/mathml+xml
  • MathML mathematical markup language.
  • Used for integrating mathematical formulas in web documents.
  • Rendering of embedded MathML is supported by a number of browsers and browser additions.
  • Specifies the presentation and the semantic content of mathematical formulas.
  • XML-based format.
  • Based on a draft that was derived from the Wolfram typesetting language.
  • Introduced in 1999 and updated in 2003 by the W3C math working group.

Import & Export

• Import["file.mml"] imports a MathML file and returns a box expression.
• Export["file.mml",expr] exports an arbitrary expression to MathML.
• Import["file.mml"] reads the MathML presentation elements from a file and converts them to the corresponding Wolfram Language box expression.
• Import["file.mml","Expression"] converts MathML to a Wolfram Language expression using TraditionalForm interpretation rules.
• Export["file.mml",expr] converts a box expression or an arbitrary Wolfram Language expression to MathML.
• When exporting an arbitrary mathematical expression, its presentation and its context are represented in the resulting MathML.
• Import["file.mml",elem] imports the specified element from a MathML file.
• Import["file.mml",{{elem₁,elem₂,…}}] imports multiple elements.
• The import format can be specified with Import["file", "MathML"] or Import["file",{"MathML",elem,…}].
• Export["file.mml",expr, elem] creates a MathML file by treating expr as specifying element elem.
• Export["file.mml",{expr₁,expr₂,…},{{elem₁,elem₂,…}}] treats each expr_i as specifying the corresponding elem_i.
• Export["file.mml",expr,opt₁->val₁,…] exports expr with the specified option elements taken to have the specified values.
• Export["file.mml",{elem₁->expr₁,elem₂->expr₂,…},"Rules"] uses rules to specify the elements to be exported.
• The export format can be explicitly specified in the form Export["file",expr,"MathML"] or Export["file",expr,{"MathML",elems}].
• See the following reference pages for full general information:
• Import, Exportimport from or export to a file CloudImport, CloudExportimport from or export to a cloud object ImportString, ExportStringimport from or export to a string ImportByteArray, ExportByteArrayimport from or export to a byte array

Import Elements

• General Import elements:
• "Elements" list of elements and options available in this file "Summary"summary of the file "Rules"list of rules for all available elements
• Data representation elements:
• "Boxes"MathML typeset as a Wolfram Language box expression "Expression"arbitrary Wolfram Language expression "HeldExpression"unevaluated expression "XMLObject"MathML as a symbolic XML expression "XMLElement"nested XMLElement objects
• Import and Export use the "Boxes" element by default.

Options

• Export options:
• "Annotations"{}which annotations to include "Presentation"Truewhether to export MathML presentation elements "Content"Falsewhether to export MathML content elements
• The setting for "Annotations" is a list which may include any number of the choices "DocumentHeader", "XMLDeclaration", and "DOCTYPEDeclaration".

Examples

Basic Examples  (2)

Exporting an arbitrary mathematical expression by default generates presentation MathML:

This creates combined presentation and content MathML:

This generates pure content MathML:

Define and display a Wolfram Language box expression:

Convert it to presentation MathML:

Convert the previous output to a box expression and display it:

Import automatically recognizes the MathML format:

Show the available Import elements:

Convert MathML to an evaluated expression:

Import MathML as a symbolic XML expression: