Aircraft observations are improving weather model forecasts

Using aircraft observations for weather models was suspended in 2022 but has made a return.
The European Model (ECMWF) is using processed aircraft observation data and ingesting that into its computer models to generate better model initialization. Thi
By Cruz MedinaPublished: Mar. 6, 2024 at 12:44 PM CST|Updated: Mar. 6, 2024 at 2:53 PM CSTEmail This LinkShare on FacebookShare on X (formerly Twitter)Share on PinterestShare on LinkedIn

NASHVILLE, Tenn. (WSMV) - Weather model forecasts are improving — thanks to planes.

Weather models rely on observations from sensors across the globe, such as buoys in the ocean, weather stations, and, in this case, aircraft.

For a model to have accuracy, it must have data ingested into it that helps set the initial conditions the model will use to make its forecast.

The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (European Model - ECMWF) is now using aircraft observations to help make the initial conditions the model uses more accurate. This method for collecting data from aircraft for numerical weather prediction is known as Mode-S.

According to ECMWF, the use of Mode-S data was suspended in November 2022.

Mode-S data is derived from air traffic control data. The raw data the aircraft gathers has to be processed to be usable in weather model runs.

Mode-S data is ingested into computer weather models.
Mode-S data is ingested into computer weather models.(The Irish Meteorological Service)

According to ECMWF, upper tropospheric wind forecasts over Europe are up to 8% more accurate since using the Mode-S method at short range. Even 1% better in accuracy helps, but 8% is significant!

The ECMWF says when initially using Mode-S observations — from 2020 to 2022 — they were using too many observations. They’ve now found a way to process the data and use it more beneficially.

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